buy custom Ancient Chinese Contributions essay

buy custom Ancient Chinese Contributions essay Many individuals perceive civilization as a modern phenomenon that began recently. However, civilization has its origins in the ancient world. According to archaeologists, simple communities advanced and became complex due to several factors. For instance, people faced myriad challenges, which they tried to solve through various approaches. Hence, they made discoveries as they tried to solve their challenges. Therefore, the ancient civilization occurred in various territories across the world. For example, in Africa, the ancient Egyptians made various discoveries, which have remained important in the modern world. Apart from Egypt, civilization flourished in other empires such as Greek, China, and Mesopotamia. This paper discusses the ancient Chinese inventions(Charles, 1963). Ancient Chinese Inventions China has a long history that stretches back to approximately six thousand years. China has been able to advance its civilization over the years. According to the Chinese traditions, the concept of integrating humans and nature acted as a logical perception of the universe. This kind of perception enabled them to discover items and systems, which are distinct from those of the Western societies. They made their discoveries through systematic and comprehensive thinking. The Ancient Chinese engaged in a wide range of economic activities that included cultivation, fishing, and metallurgy. These activities enabled them to make various discoveries, which include the following. Some of their contributions include kites, silk cloth, porcelain, fireworks, rudder, planetarium, compass, abacus, printing, kites, herbal medicine, acupuncture, gunpowder, and paper making(Ebrey, 1993). The Chinese also secured their territory by constructing a significant wall called the great wall. The great wall also depicts the Chinese system of architecture, which was another important aspect of their cultural practices. Four of the above mentioned inventions were significant due to the following reasons. Important Invntions Compass A compass is an object that facilitates navigation, since it indicates bearing in a frame of location. The Han Dynasty was characterized by many inventions, and the compass was one of them. In China, the compass served various purposes. For example, it was used in conducting religious activities. During construction of buildings, the Chinese used it to determine the location of a building in relation to the universe. This was done to ensure that a given structure was in harmony with nature. The ancient Chinese believed that structures that faced the north linked humans with nature, and this facilitated peace and prosperity in their society. Apart from the application of compass in construction, it was later applied in navigation especially after the eleventh century. The Europeans later adopted its use during the medieval period. The primordial compass that was constructed in China looked like a wooden circle. It was marked at strategic points, and a magnetic spoon was mounted on it. Gunpowder Chinese alchemists discovered gunpowder during the ninth century. The gunpowder facilitated the making of fireworks, and other early weapons were also made using gunpowder. From China, other territories in the Middle East embraced the use gunpowder as prime material for making weapons. Indeed, the gunpowder served as the only chemical explosive until the 18050s. Gunpowder remained relevant in making military equipment for along time. It was only abandoned after the discovery of better alternatives(Jack, 2004). Paper In ancient China, paper production also took place from around 105 CE, during the Han Dynasty. It was made using many materials including mulberry, bast fibers, and hemp waste(Ebrey, 1993). From the second century, paper was used for padding, and various items were also wrapped using paper. During the third century, paper became a medium of writing. In addition to paper production, the Chinese also produced ink, which they used for writing on papers. Printing Printing is among the four most basic discoveries of ancient China. Printing is believed to have been practiced from a round the seventh century, in the Han Dynasty. After the invention of writing, there was need for people to produce more written materials, and this encouraged the invention of the printing process. Printing began as a rudimentary process, but it later developed tremendously as more people got engaged in writing. For example, the block printing was the initial printing process, and it was cumbersome(Yinke, 2005). The above discussed inventions from ancient China have been greatly honored, since they have made modern civilization possible. This is because without them modern civilization could not have been possible. For example, gunpowder significantly contributed toward the manufacture of modern military explosives. Secondly, Paper production made writing easier, and this led to massive production of literature. Thirdly, with the invention of printing, ideas spread quickly in various places. Hence, it has enhanced the rate of civilization. Lastly, in the modern world, the compass is used for navigation and exploration activities(Gernet, 1996). At present, I find printing very important because without it people cannot learn and make new discoveries. This is because modern civilization relies much on research, which is conducted through intensive reading of printed materials. Moreover, people need to share information, and this has been facilitated by printing. For example, newspapers have a big readership due to printing services. Conclusion The above discussion has revealed many discoveries that the ancient Chinese made. Many scholars who have examined the ancient civilization have noted that the Chinese inventions paved the way for modern inventions. Indeed, the modern civilization that prevailed in Europe greatly depended on the early discoveries. It is also believed that the Chinese civilization reached Europe through the Silk Road, which acted as a major trade route that linked Europe and China. Buy custom Ancient Chinese Contributions essay

How to Use Wikipedia in Writing Your Academic Paper

How to Use Wikipedia in Writing Your Academic Paper Wikipedia is arguably world’s largest knowledge repository, with millions of entries on every thinkable subject. It is arranged in a quasi-scholarly manner and at first glance raises no doubt about the credibility and quality of the information. Many students take the information presented there at its face value and often get penalized by their teaching institutions. The matter is that Wikipedia is called a ‘free encyclopedia’ meaning that anyone in the world can sit down at his or her own computer and contribute to the general body of information there. Here is what Wikipedia says about contributing articles to it: â€Å"Just about anyone can edit almost any article at any given time, even without logging in†. Consequently, the biggest problem with using this source is information credibility. The credibility of information is one of the cornerstones of academic writing – every claim that is being made in an article needs to be backed up with an evidence. Such evidence, in turn, should rely on the research data obtained in the course of an academic inquiry that has to be realized according to fixed rules. Now, getting back to the ‘free encyclopedia’ there have been numerous cases when students got misguided by using information that was freely available online. As a result, teaching institutions have blacklisted this resource from credible sources of information, tagging it as ‘inappropriate for scholarly writing’. If your school hasn’t made an explicit ban on this source of information, most likely there is an unspoken agreement to avoid it, so double check on it before commencing your writing. The fact that Wiki has been banned from academia appears to be bad, yet everything is not as bad as it may seem. You may also like these articles: Research Paper Term Paper Help Writing a Book Report Cover Letter Writing Service Curriculum Vitae Writing Custom Essay Writing Dissertation Writing Service Know How to Use It: Look for Primary Sources Just like about a ‘regular’ encyclopedia, Wiki attempts to back up its claims with references for greater credibility. The vast majority of articles there contain a special â€Å"References† section that is quite similar to the â€Å"References† page of any scholarly entry. However, unlike a recognized scholarly source of information, the â€Å"References† section of the ‘free encyclopedia’ contains references to various sources of information, including both scholarly books (articles, research etc) and less reputable sources like blogs, websites, forums etc. While doing preliminary research for your assignment, you should be able to easily collect some primary data by just looking at the â€Å"References† section of Wiki. It will most likely give you a good list of primary sources to work with. Primary sources – are those sources of information that contain results of the actual research, and usually contain all attributes of a scholarly piece of writing, including abstract, literature review, methods, results, discussion etc. This is the kind of information you should be looking at – open the references and look at their abstracts to determine whether they meet your needs.   Once you find what you need, you should take a look at the â€Å"References† section of the article you are interested in and try to look them up online. It will be the second iteration of the reference analysis in your paper that will give you the information you will need for writing your paper. It often happens the references are made in text format as opposed to the convenient hypertext format. In that case, go ahead and copy such information as the name of the author, date and name of the publication and try to search it online. Chances are – in 8 cases out of 10 you will find the article you need. How to Cite Wikipedia If you are writing a scholarly paper, you are not allowed to cite Wikipedia – full stop. The trick to citing this information is citing the actual primary source of information, but not the Wikipedia entry itself. For example, if you are writing about Diabetes Mellitus and need to mention the role of Statin as the trigger of Diabetes, go ahead and select the reference that stands next to the word â€Å"Statins† – you will see it has a reference to a piece of research by Sattar, Price et al. (2010). By doing so you are backing all your claims with references to reliable sources of information. The â€Å"free online encyclopedia† is a reliable source of secondary information and should be avoided in your academic writing. It can be of tremendous help when you are doing some preliminary research and are looking for research results and scholarly investigations that scholars did earlier. By simply looking at the references section of the Wiki article, you will be able to get a good number of reliable ‘first hand’ information with consistent results and credible authors. Citing Wikipedia directly is not allowed, however citing primary sources is a nice workaround that will cause no objections.

History of a 10th grade reader Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of a 10th grade reader - Coursework Example The results of these metrics were then used to pick the optimal world history textbook for the tenth grade. The first metric, the Fry readability graph, uses the length of words, measured in syllables, and the length of sentences to form a rough gauge of grade level. To use the Fry method, one takes three one hundred word samples from different section of a work (two from the beginning, one from the end) and counts the number of syllables and sentences (to the nearest tenth) in each segment. Once those measures have been averaged, they are plotted on a readability graph to form an approximate grade level. The second metric used is the SMOG readability, which, like the Fry formula, counts the number of polysyllabic (two plus syllable) words in a given number of sentences. This method uses three passages of 10 sentences in length, two from the begging and one from the end (like the Fry graph). The number of syllables of those words was counted, its square taken, then three was added to the result – this gives approximated the appropriate grade level for the textbook according to the SMOG metric. The final method used to analyze the readability of the text was the Flesch-Kincaid grade-level score, used through a utility in Microsoft office. ... World History: Patterns of Interaction Patterns of Interaction (figure 1) was evaluated using all of the above methods. With an average of 154 syllables/100 words and 7.5 words/100 words, the Fry readability graph gave this work a ninth grade reading level. The SMOG formula produced a grade level of 11 through, while the Flesch-Kincaid grade level formula was 23+30+22=75. The square root of 75 is approximately 8, which added to 3 produces 11. The Flesch-Kincaid gave a grade level of 9. Bader’s text book analysis demonstrates that this text is incredibly average, having few weaknesses but just as few great strengths, and reading through it the reading level may be too simple for tenth grade. World History (Pearson Prentice Hall) Pearson/Prentice Hall’s World History (figure 2) proved to be the most grade appropriate of all three textbooks evaluated in terms of readability. With 156 syllables/100 words, and 5.6 sentences in the same span, this work was spot on the tenth g rade reading level. The Flesch-Kincaid also agreed with a tenth grade reading score, with only the SMOG formula differing, providing a grade 12 reading level, somewhat higher than the other two. With reference to the Bader analysis chart, this textbook proves to have very appealing visual form, and does a good job accommodating visual learners using webs and diagrams. One of its few failings was perhaps not spending enough time making sure all new concepts and visuals were fleshed out properly and could be understood. World History: the Human Experience The final work examined was World History: the Human Experience (figure 3). It consistently scored the highest within all three readability metrics; with an average of 149 syllables and 4.4 sentences/100

People can read others' minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People can read others' minds - Essay Example Is it an inborn psychic ability or being hypersensitive to how others feel and think? Each person has a certain degree of psychic ability, some more than others. People gifted with psychic abilities use the power of the mind and extra sensory perception (ESP) to help them clearly anticipate what is going to happen. They can also channel their energies in reading other people’s minds. Sometimes, this ability can be beneficial for them because they would know how to respond to a person or an event, having had a foreknowledge of that person’s thoughts or the images of details of the event. On the other hand, they absorb negative thoughts or see visions of disastrous events and these readings can upset them too much. Any ordinary person also has natural mind abilities that help him get through some situations, and one of this is being able to discern what other people will say or do. The ability to read minds goes far back to our ancient roots when we managed to feel our way around. This was when communication systems were not as sophisticated. People were easy to read because they were bereft of any hidden agendas that complicated their lives. Technology was very limited and there were no distractions such as the television, internet, etc. and people focused on other people. When they communicated with each other, they gave their full attention. Being so in sync with each other, it was easy to read each other’s minds. Ross Buck, a Communication Sciences professor at the University of Connecticut contends that mind reading has been used by people to â€Å"create and maintain the social order† (Paul: para 8). Hence, people relied on mind reading to keep the harmony between them. How ever, mind reading is not literally just reading the other person’s thoughts. It also takes interpreting his gestures, actions and language. It is difficult to â€Å"mind-read† if one cannot see the other person move and talk. Reading a person becomes

Natures Impact Essay Example for Free

Natures Impact Essay The outdoors contains many wonders that a child explores throughout the early years of life; therefore, a person’s childhood tends to position his path for the future. As a result, occurrences seen on an average day sitting at school, exploring in the woods, or examining the stars have the potential to be life changing. An American Childhood (Dillard), â€Å"Two Views of a River† (Twain), and â€Å"Listening† (Welty) all allocate this thought, yet the works juxtapose each other with different morals. Annie Dillard writes of the expectations of her to return after completing college and settling in the same town in which she resides her entire life before attending college: â€Å"It crawled down the driveway toward Shadyside, one of the several sections of town where people like me were expected to settle after college, renting an apartment until they married one of the boys and bought a house† (2). Dillard feels essentially unpermitted to broaden her horizon of a future. She believes she had been restricted too early and therefore Dillard feels she is not allowed to live up to her possible potential. Mark Twain, on the other hand, writes of the river and its influence upon him: This sun means that we are going to have wind tomorrow; that floating log means that the river is rising, small thanks to it; that slanting mark on the water refers to a bluff reef which is going to kill somebody’s steamboat one of these nights if it keeps on stretching out like that [†¦]. (1) Within his piece, Twain wonders if he were to have noticed all the diminutive and revealing things of the river as a child, whether it would have foreshadowed the future from the perspective from which he sees the past now. Twain wishes he had respected the river further as a child rather than simply viewing it as an effortless beauty. Eudora Welty also writes of her childhood, explaining her love for the sky and all that dwells within it. She states, â€Å"I could see the full constellations in it and call their names; when I could read, I knew their myths† (Welty 1). Even with all the knowledge she had of the ominous unknown that seems endless and vague to the common child, it still takes Welty until she is already a published writer before she realizes the moon does not rise in the west. Learning of this alters her perspective. However, without believing that the moon rises in the west, less delight and excitement would have occurred within her childhood. Dillard, Twain, and Welty write of their upbringings and how certain changes, if varied, could have fashioned a different future. They outwardly realize the options they had, and the elements they would have distorted in the past to assist themselves in the future. Where Dillard, Twain, and Welty’s works mutually contain the reference to their childhoods, they contrast each other with the morals of their writings. Dillard’s extended metaphor places her in an equivalent situation as the Polyphemus moth whose overgrown wings span wider than the Mason jar that withholds it. The piece uses the bit about the moth to foreshadow her telling of her confinement to Shadyside. The moral of her piece is that one’s parents, friends, or even society’s restraints should not oppress one’s aspirations to what is simply considered to be correct: Conversely, Twain’s piece concludes one should not take life for granted because it can exceed so hastily, that a large quantity of imperative information and experiences can be neglected and missed: The world was new to me, and I had never seen anything like this at home. But as I have said, a day came when I began to cease from noting the glories and the charms which the moon and the sun and the twilight wrought upon the river’s face; another day came when I ceased altogether to note them. (1) Welty teaches in her piece that a child’s learning is made of specific moments in time and she shares her involvements with this learning: â€Å"There comes the moment, and I saw it then, when the moon goes from flat to round. For the first time it met my eyes as a globe. The word â€Å"moon† came into my mouth as though fed to me out of a silver spoon. Held in my mouth the mood became a word† (Welty 1). Eudora reveals that moments like this which seem miniscule can alter one’s personality and interests. Each instant of learning creates a change in one’s mental makeup. Dillard, Twain, and Welty are each eloquent and sophisticated writers. Their works are relatively alike in the fact that they each converse of their childhoods and what they would have altered within them; however, they juxtapose each other with diverse morals veiled within the pieces. Works Cited Dillard, Annie. An American Childhood. New York: Harper Row, 1988. Twain, Mark. â€Å"Two Views of a River. † Life on the Mississippi. New York: Harper, 1896. Welty, Eudora. â€Å"Listening. † Agents, Russell Volkening. Welty: 1984.

James Fenimore Cooper :: essays papers

James Fenimore Cooper Many great people have told history. Stories of how we progressed from the small colonies to the country we are today have been passed down to every generation. We were given the idea of our triumphs, struggles, tragedies and adventures of history through story telling, and no- one tells of the adventure of history like James Fenimore Cooper and Nathaniel Hawthorne. They wrote with such a passion of history entwined with adventure that it swept you away into their world. After all, that is what makes a "classic" timeless, the passing down of history. Let us start with James Fenimore Cooper. James Cooper was born in 1789, and in 1790 his family moved to Cooperstown. The rest of his brothers had died and Cooper was the head of the household; he took on the responsibility of caring for his family. In 1803 he entered Yale and was expelled in 1805 for a prank. After serving on the Veruvius for three and a half years, he left the navy and married Susan Delancey. They had five daughter s and two sons. In 1826, he added the Fenimore to his name. But it was by accident that James Fenimore Cooper became a writer. He took a dare from his wife to write a better book than the English one he had been reading to her. Precaution was published in 1820. Though I completely understand why it won't be on anyone's nightstand, it does show us some importance to understanding Cooper's writings. We know that he critically observed the manners and morals of Europe during a seven-year tour of England and then upon his return to America, he remained a defender of American principles, but also a caustic critic of American Practice. The central idea of "Precaution" (1820) was parents taking more time to ensure the proper marriage of their daughters. Here, I believe he reveals an early interest in social themes and moral principles. The lack of the principle is what ultimately leads Jane to get her feelings hurt when the man she loves runs off with a new, young heiress. Though the characters are like lifeless cardboard, Precaution's theme dimly foreshadows what is to come next. If a reader was to read only Cooper's early fiction and perhaps a volume of his social criticism, they are likely to go away with the feeling of Cooper having several mistaken notions.

We Should be Grateful that Malaysia is a Peaceful Country

Honestly, I do not know whether to agree or disagree that Malaysians should be grateful that Malaysia is peaceful. I have doubts about the discussion title itself. Is Malaysia peaceful? That is the big question here.Personally, thinking back on our nation's problems, we have serious problems. Political problems, economical, social, financial, defense, safety, crime rates and etc. But then, compared to all the other countries in the world such as Syria, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, Palestine, North Korea, Indonesia, Philippines, our country is actually way so much more peaceful. We are able to walk with freedom but of course with precaution. Women can study. The country's unemployment rate is not as high as other countries, the government providing financial help for the poor to reduce poverty but resulting in high living costs but still, not as high as other countries.Again, I am repeating that Malaysia is very peaceful. We have tourists visiting our country and tourist rates are constantly rising despite the major heat and the social problems. Our tourist destinations are heavenly getaways from tourists' hometowns. Malaysia is also considered one of the greenest countries in the world because of the forest reserves and mountiai ranges that the government hasn't has the heart to destroy seeing that it is considered a legacy.Malaysia has so many shopping malls that carry many couture brands until many visit Malaysia just to shop and explore the ever evolving country. Besides that, Malaysia has an open arm policy to all cultures in the world as long as it doesn't threaten the official religion which is Islam.Therefore, I conclude that Malaysia is a peaceful country despite it's problems. But then again, which country is a constant Utopia and doesn't have problems. We Malaysians should be grateful that we are Malaysians and that Malaysia is a peaceful country.

Dublin

Curriculum Vitae Personal: Name: Thomas O Hare Date of birth: 6/7/1991 Address: 26 Church field close Mobile: 0861785352 Skerries Home: 01-8491993 Co. Dublin [email  protected] com Education: Third Level: Dublin Institute of Technology, College of Business, Aungier Street, Dublin 2 2010-2014 B. Sc. n Retail and Services Management Core Subjects: Management Information Technology Economics Accounting Marketing Services Retail Management Corporate Finance Logistics Electives: Marketing Communication’s and Geographic Information Systems (year 3) Second Level: Skerries Community College, Skerries, Co.Dublin 2004-2010 Leaving certificate: Maths (P) B3 Irish (P) B2 English (H) C2 French (P) B2 Home Economics (H) C2 Business (H) B3 History (H) B2 Work Experience: August 2010- Present (seasonal work) Aiken Promotions – Stage worker Duties: As a stage worker with Aiken promotions I was heavily involved with the setting up of and the taking down of the concert stage.This involv es wearing safety equipment while working. Most of the work involved a lot of heavy lifting and long hours. We have to report to our manager in the morning to sign in and also sign out at the end of the day. June 2010- September 2010: Customer Service Attendant – Dundrum Town Centre Duties: I worked as a customer service attendant in the car park in Dundrum Town Centre. My duties were to serve customers to the best of my ability. This sometimes involved showing customers around the shopping centre as a lot of people got lost.My main duties were helping customers out in the car park, replacing tickets at the entrances and exits of the car park and being on hand to report any incidents of anti-social behaviour while also doing my utmost to keep the car park clean. On busy days I had to coordinate traffic coming in and out of the town centre. March 2008- June 2008: Child minder – Skerries Creche Duties: My main duties included looking after and ensuring the welfare of chi ldren aged between one and eight years old.I had to organise games and small events for the children. Skills: Computer Literacy: Highly competent in the following packages Microsoft Word Microsoft PowerPoint Internet Microsoft Excel SPSS Email Language: I have a decent understanding of the Irish and French languages as I studied both of them up until I left secondary school.Hobbies and interests: I have a keen interest in rugby and GAA and have won numerous medals most notably a Leinster League division 1A medal and an all-Ireland Round Robin winning medal with Skerries RFC in 2012. I have also won a minor championship medal with Skerries Harps in 2009. I currently play for Skerries RFC Seniors who compete in division 2b of the Ulster Bank All Ireland League. I also enjoy when I have the time to play rugby for my college DIT. I enjoy cooking and learning about all types of food in general in my spare time as I had affection for it when I studied Home Economics in secondary school.I also try to keep up with current affairs as to not fall to far behind with today’s society. I have huge enthusiasm for music and live gigs, in particular electronica and dance music. I have been too many festivals around Ireland and intend to travel to many more around the world. Referees: Mr Kevin O Riordan [email  protected] ie Principal Skerries Community College Mr Bill Dwan Bill. [email  protected] ie Tutor/Geographic information systems lecturer DIT Aungier Street

Romero essays

Romero essays 2. How does Oscar Romero change throughout the film? As you answer, please consider and describe the changes in : a. his feelings/ attitudes towards himself b. his way of relating to other people c. his skills, abilities and interests d. What events and people bring about this change? In the beginning, Oscar Romero was ignorant of the events around him. For instance, when the bus was traveling to Aguilares, soldiers forced it to stop. The people on the bus evacuated because the soldiers told them that there are guerillas nearby. Afterwards, Father Grande and Oscar Romero came to rescue them. As Fr. Grande approached the bus to find out what happened, Oscar Romero stayed in the car. Only reason he left the car was because Lt. Carlo forced him to get out. While they were walking to Aguilares, the young priests said, Romero "fiddles while Rome burns". It means that he is totally ignorant about what happened around him. Oscar did not care what the soldiers did to the bus. However, later, after Fr. Grande's assassination, he changed in many ways. He gave a special funeral mass for Fr. Grande, a child who was assassinated with Fr. Grande and the child's father. He was beginning to think about the massacre. He realized what it did to his close friend Fr. Grande. He realized that the violence could cause bad things to those who are close to him. Anyway, he also changed after Rafael Selada's disappearance. When Rafael's body was found in the dump-yard, outside the city, one priest was accused for Rafael's death and was tortured by electricity. He becomes more active and tried to do something to end it. After this event, he changed into a different person and sacrificed himself. At the event of military take over of the church in Aguilares, he sacrifices himself by going into the church that was taken over by military force. So later he lets him to sacrifices himself and shows more interest to ot ...

How to Do the Color Change Chameleon Chemistry Demonstration

How to Do the Color Change Chameleon Chemistry Demonstration The chemical chameleon is a wonderful color-change chemistry demonstration that may be used to illustrate redox reactions. The color change runs from purple to blue to green to orange-yellow and finally to clear. Color Change Chameleon Materials For this demonstration, you start by preparing two separate solutions: Solution A 2 mg potassium permanganate500 ml distilled water Dissolve a small amount of potassium permanganate into water. The amount isnt critical, but dont use too much or else the solution will be too deeply colored to see the color changes. Use distilled water rather than tap water to avoid problems caused by salts in tap water that affect water pH and can interfere with the reaction. The solution should be a deep purple color. Solution B 6 g sugar (sucrose)10 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH)750 ml distilled water Dissolve the sugar and sodium hydroxide in the water. The reaction between sodium hydroxide and water is exothermic, so expect some heat to be produced. This will be a clear solution. Make the Chameleon Change Colors When youre ready to start the demonstration, all you need to do is mix the two solutions together. Youll get the most dramatic effect if you swirl the mixture together to thoroughly combine the reactants. Upon mixing, the purple of the potassium permanganate solution immediately changes to blue. It changes to green fairly quickly, but it takes a few minutes for the next color change to pale orange-yellow, as manganese dioxide (MnO2) precipitates. If you let the solution sit long enough, the manganese dioxide will sink to the bottom of the flask, leaving you with a clear liquid. Chemical Chameleon Redox Reaction The color changes are the result oxidation and reduction or a redox reaction. The potassium permanganate is reduced (gains electrons), while the sugar is oxidized (loses electrons). This occurs in two steps. First, the permanangate ion (purple in solution) is reduced to form the manganate ion (green in solution): MnO4- e- → MnO42- As the reaction is proceeding, both the purple permanganate and green manganate are present, blending together to produce a solution that appears blue. Eventually, there is more green manganate, yielding a green solution. Next, the green manganate ion is further reduced and forms manganese dioxide: MnO42- 2 H2O 2 e- → MnO2 4 OH- Manganese dioxide is golden brown solid, but the particles are so small they make the solution appear to change color. Eventually, the particles will settle out of solution, leaving it clear. The chameleon demonstration is just one of many possible color change chemistry experiments you can perform. If you dont have the materials on hand for this particular demonstration, consider trying a different one. Safety Information Sucrose and distilled water are safe and non-toxic. However, appropriate safety gear (lab coat, safety goggles, gloves) should be worn when preparing the solutions and performing the demonstration. Sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate can cause irritation and chemical burns in contact with skin or mucous membranes. The chemical solutions must be labelled and kept away from children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion. Potassium permanganate is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. In some places, pouring a small quantity of a solution down the drain is allowed. The reader is advised to consult federal, state, and local regulations for proper disposal. Fast Facts: Chemical Chameleon Science Experiment Materials Potassium permanganateSucrose (table sugar)Sodium hydroxideDistilled Water Concepts Illustrated This demonstration is a good example of an exothermic reaction. The color change is produced via a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction. Time Required The two chemical solutions may be prepared in advance, so this demonstration is instantaneous. Level The demonstration is suitable for all age groups. High school and college chemistry students studying redox reactions will get the most out of the experiment, but it can be used to stimulate interest in chemistry and science at any age. The demonstration may be performed by any high school or college chemistry teacher. Because there are safety protocols for using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide, this demonstration is not suitable for unsupervised children.

Eng 125 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eng 125 - Term Paper Example However, readers often fail to understand the experience of the literature and find it difficult to grasp the concept, for this they need to know the approaches and forms of literature that they are going through. Connecting what is being read to what is being experienced can be challenging and this is what the text explains us. It is more interesting because it gives the understanding and knowledge of the different forms of literature that most of the readers do not understand while going through the literature. It is evident that fewer people have interests in poems and plays as they are the ones who understand the framework, for others, this text is very interesting as it tells about the forms to help them understand the literary work that they read. The introduction about the genre, imagination, experience and the humor gives an interesting aspect to the reader of this text (Massi, ?2001). As outlined in this chapter, the approach of the reader should be present in order to exper ience the literary work. There are several ways to approach the literary criticism. Literary criticism means analyzing, understanding and interpreting what is being expressed. A reader is the critic and he can analyze the literary work only when he understands and experiences the work. In order to interpret and examine a story, poem or play the approach that the reader will use is the reader-response approach. In order to get into the journey of literature which means the reader has to connect to what is being said, analyze it by considerations and draw conclusions by the help of his response. The reader has to find a personal link to the literature especially the poetry or play. The reader-response approach is the most popularly used approach in literature (Trace, 2002). The story, poem or play is often fictional and uses themes which relate to the author’s viewpoint and so readers often find it difficult to understand or experience. The journey to literature is connecting t he imagination of the author to one’s own imagination. Since the reading of a story, poem, or play drags the reader to an imaginary world, leaving behind the situations of the world in which the reader is breathing and living to an imaginary world created by the author. In order to apply the reader-response approach for such literary works, it is important for the reader to connect and relate the literature to their real lives and their own imaginations so that they can find a specific aspect of the work. In order to create an analytical essay about the story, poem or play, the reader must make sure he is vigilant towards the questions that what captured his interest, what feelings did he get, did it connect to his life, how does it relate to other works, what is the motivation to connect to this literary work and did this connection enhance understanding of new things. This approach may be challenging as the story, poems and plays are written in the author’s viewpoint . The reader must give away his surrounding world while experiencing the literature in order to analyze and connect to it. Moreover, to experience these forms of literature, the reader must have the intention to turn himself to the imaginary world which is described. A critical response to the stories, poems and plays of fiction need full concentration. Connecting and experiencing the